CAREER IN BUSINESS
Business
is a financial actifity. According to different economist’s definition of is
also different. But a decision reached by resoning is that, an institution or
organization or economic system which or where goods and services are exchanged
for money called business.
Definition
of a career is the developmental stage of a person's work experience during his
tenure (Greenberg and Baron, 1995), while according to Cascio (1978), a career
is a series of positions, tasks or opportunities of a person as long as he
works.
Career planning (career
planning) is the process by which individuals analyze their interests, values,
personality, and capabilities as well as trying to fit the personal
characteristics of the career opportunities available.
Career development
(career development) activity consists of a collection of individual career
objectives and help to achieve that goal.
Definition of a career
as a position caused by the following factors:
·
organizational structure
.
·
reward system.
·
appraisal system leads to
the definition of a career is the position.
·
Culture, socialization
and training process.
Career management.
·
is the sequence of a
person's attitudes and behavior, and is an ongoing process of job-related
activities in a person's life span.
·
Career management is the
process by which an organization tries to match individual career interests and
the organization's ability to recruit employees (Gutteridge, 1976). Meanwhile,
according to Greenhouse (1987), career management is the process by which
individuals collect information about values, interests, strengths and
weaknesses skills (career exploration), identifies career goals, and the use of
career strategies will be achieved.
Career path:
Jobs linked to one
another along the career path and the responsibilities and authorities are
getting bigger.
Implicit in such a
career path is the attitude that failure occurs when a person does not move up
after the passage of time. In the old paradigm of competence is defined and
built by the organization., Are in a new paradigm of key competencies is
building a multidisciplinary team and to develop competencies in the company.
Traditional Perspectives
and New Perspectives Career Management
Career planning system
(career planning system) in the special purpose of the organization is the
internal human resources, including succession planning, training and
development strategy, job postings, assessment centers, mentoring or other
techniques.
Career planning is
always implicated in income, power and status. Even in organizational
restructuring, traditional career path remains valid even though the resources
will become more difficult to define stable career paths for the position will
come to have a change.
Figure 2b. The old
paradigm and the new career management
Traditional paradigm
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New paradigm
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ORGANIZATION
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bureaucracy
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Network
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ROLE
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generalist
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multiskilled specialist
|
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COMPETENCIES
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systems, operations
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teamwork, development
|
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ASSESMENT
|
input
|
output
|
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PATMENTS
|
jobs
|
skills
|
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CONTRACT
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security for commitment
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employability for flexibility
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CAREER MANAGEMENT
|
paternalitic
|
self-managed
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MOBILITY
|
vertical
|
lateral
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RISK?
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Rigidity? dependences
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stress? Anarchy?
|
From: Nicholson, Career systems
in crisis: change and oppurtunity in the information age, 1996
The course of an individual’s working
life.
Career planning plays an important part in
recruiting and retaining employees, acting as an incentive in the former case
and as a motivator in the letter. Large firms often offer extensive programmes to educate staff and provide them
with new experiences. One of the most recent
developtments in this respect stems
from the deployment of HR technology. With an intranet, individuals are
empowered to take responsibility for their own career path and are also able to
deal with issues that research shows they may be hesistant to raise with issues
that research shows they may be hesitant to raise with their bosses directly,
such as family commitments.
The taking of career breaks is much
debated. The workforce, for example to
include women, has made it a more common practice, in this case to raise
children. But the blurring of the boundaries that surround working lives also
tends to sensitize the issue for individuals.
Careers in Business
Business is an increasingly
important activity throughout the world today. Consequently the opportunities
for a business career have grown in variety and number. Originally the word
“career” meant “road” or “path”; today it means a “progress through life” or a
“job path”.
There are now five broad fields, or
areas, of business that offer exciting careers.
Management
·
Management is a process
in order to achieve an organization's goals by working together with people -
people and resources of the organization.
Marketing
·
Marketing is about
communicating the value of a product, service or brand to customers or
consumers for the purpose of promoting or selling that product, service, or
brand.
Accounting
·
Accounting is an
information science used to collect, classify, and manipulate financial data
for organizations and individuals. Accounting is instrumental within
organizations as a means of determining financial stability.
Finance
·
Business finance is a
term that encompasses a wide range of activities and disciplines revolving
around the management of money and other valuable assets.
Computers and data processing
·
Refers to a class of
programs that organize and manipulate data, usually large amounts of numeric
data. Accounting programs are the prototypical examples of data processing
applications. In contrast, word processors, which manipulate text rather than
numbers, are not usually referred to as data processing applications.
·
Same as Information
Technology (IT), refers to all computing functions within an enterprise.
Within each of these fields are specific
jobs in which you can specialize. For example within the field of marketing you
can specialize in market researxh, advertising, buying, selling, or
distribution. The figure below shows general career opportunities that are available in the various
fields of business.
In choosing a
business career, there are several questions you may want to ask. For instance
does the work interest you ? Are there any areas of business for which you have
an aptitude or special capability ? What are the opportunities involved such as
salary change for advancement, and demand (or need) for the job? Answers to
these kind of questions and careful planning will help you choose a suitable
and successful career in business.
A job is a specific task
performed for an organization. A career is the sequence of jobs a person holds
over a life span and the person's attitudes toward involvement in those job
experiences. A career has a long-term perspective and includes a series of
jobs. Moreover, to understand careers we must look not only at people’s work
histories or resumes but also at their attitudes toward their work. People may
have more or less money or power, be professional or blue collar, and vary in
the importance they place on the work in relation to the rest of their lives -
yet all may have careers.
Individual career planning normally entails five steps—self-assessment,
exploring opportunities, making decisions and setting goals, action planning,
and follow-up. Individual careers follow predictable stages that include
exploration and trial, establishment and advancement, mid-career, and
disengagement. Other issues of concern to individual career planning are
mentors and coping with stress.
Productivity satisfaction, retention, and commitment of valued employees,
stress reduction, and a flexible work force will help the organization remain
competitive in the global economy.
Case 1
Kim Jackson's love of politics, hard work, and excellent research and
writing skills placed her on a career track to becoming a political
correspondent on Capitol Hill. When her interests and enthusiasm for the job
wanted, Jackson wondered if she should make a career change. Before making a
major move, she discussed her concerns with her editor and a member of the
human resource management office. The newspaper, which was reluctant to lose a
reporter of Jackson's talents and background, provided an opportunity for her
to undergo testing and experimentation in other potential areas of career
interest. Eventually, a simple solution emerged: Jackson was moved to the
international desk. Covering international political events renewed her
enthusiasm and her years on Capitol Hill gave her special insight into U.S.
reaction to global events.
Answer the following questions about business careers.
Questions with asterisks(*) cannot be answered directly from the text.
1.
What are five different
fields of business ?
2.
What are some
specialization within the field of finance ?
3.
What are some different
types of managerial careers ?
4.
What field of business
is shown in the box on the far right of Figure 1?
5.
What are some
specializations within this field?
6.
In the box that is
second from the left, what information is presented?
7.
What kinds of questions
should you ask in order to choose a suitable and successfull career ?
8.
The reading states.
“Business is an increasingly important activity throughout the world today. “
*Does this general statement apply to your own country? *Why or whynot? *What
opportunities there for business careers in your country ?
9.
Can you add any more
business fields or careers to Figure 1? If you do not know the names in
English, describe the work.
In each of the examples below, three of
items are members of the same class and one is not. Cross out the one that is
not a member. Then write the name of the class to which the three belong.
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class
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1-buyer/
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marketing career
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2-banker/financial
analyst/stockbroker/accountant
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……….......
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3-
computers and data processing/finance/marketing/general manager
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…………...
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4-
computer operator/computer programmer/data processing/systems analyst
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…………...
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5-
general manager/management/production manager/personnel manager
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…………...
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6-
advertising/management/marketing/accounting
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…………...
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7-
private accountant/banker/government accountant/bookkeeper
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…………...
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References
Iyandri.
2010. ”Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia” (On-line), Manajemen Karir Web. Accessed
October 30, 2015 http://belajarmsdm.blogspot.co.id/2010/05/manajemen-karir.html
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